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Unit 2 language and register terms, from your notes
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This is a text splitter rather than a tutor. It turns pasted lines into cards by rule, and a gap in the paste is a gap in the deck.
Three scripts, and the choice carries meaning
Hiragana, katakana and kanji do different work in the same sentence, and the choice between them can signal foreignness, emphasis or register. A candidate who can say why a word appears in katakana rather than kanji is describing a system; one who lists the three scripts is reciting a fact.
Keigo encodes relationship, not politeness in general
Sonkeigo raises the other person, kenjougo lowers the speaker, teineigo marks the register of the exchange. Treating keigo as simply formal language misses that it positions two people relative to each other, which is what the email task actually tests.
Regional varieties are used, not merely remembered
Kansai-ben is spoken by millions and carries associations in national media that speakers themselves argue about. Naming a variety, its region and one attitude towards it gives you something to defend when a follow-up question arrives.
Borrowing is contested here as elsewhere
Gairaigo raises the same argument English borrowing raises in Europe: efficiency against erosion. The Japanese case is distinctive because the writing system marks the borrowing visibly, which means the argument is legible on the page in a way it is not in other languages.
The email task is where this unit is graded hardest
Under the revised exam the email response is worth seven and a half percent and is written to a friend or a member of the community. That phrasing decides the register before you write a word, and a candidate who has drilled the honorific system chooses correctly without deliberating.
What to photograph for gengo to bunka
Photograph the keigo categories with one example verb each, the script choices with a reason attached, and the varieties with their regions. A form without its social function is not usable in either the project or the email.
Sources used on this page
- Active recall
- Spaced repetition
- Testing effect
- Forgetting curve
- Generation effect
- Judgment of learning
- Metacognition
- Desirable difficulty
- Distributed practice
- Formative assessment
- Flashcard
- Cloze test
- Multiple choice
- Test (assessment)
- Educational assessment
- Advanced Placement
- Curriculum
- Study skills
- Study guide
- Note-taking
- Overlearning
- Instructional scaffolding
- Item analysis
- Mastery learning
- College Board, AP World Language and Culture revisions
- College Board, AP Japanese Language and Culture
- College Board, AP World Language and Culture revisions
- Katakana
- Honorific speech in Japanese
| Task | Graded product on this theme | Standard trap |
|---|---|---|
| Project Presentation, 20 percent | One variety with region and attitudes | A list of dialect names |
| Project Q&A, 15 percent | Why a form is chosen, in 40 seconds | Reciting the three scripts |
| Email Response, 7.5 percent | Register chosen from the addressee | Keigo treated as generic formality |
| Story Narration, 7.5 percent | One narrative across four frames | A caption written under each picture |
What does AP Japanese Unit 2 cover?
Gengo to bunka: the writing systems, honorific language, regional varieties and attitudes to Japanese.
What is keigo?
The honorific system. Sonkeigo raises the other person, kenjougo lowers the speaker, and teineigo marks the register of the exchange.
Why does script choice matter?
Because it signals things the words alone do not: foreignness, emphasis or register. Explaining a choice shows you understand the system.
Is Kansai-ben worth studying?
Yes. It is widely spoken and carries associations that speakers argue about, which makes it defensible material rather than trivia.
How is the email task graded?
It is worth seven and a half percent and is addressed to a friend or community member, so the register is decided by the addressee before you write.
Is there an AP Japanese Unit 2 practice test on this page?
There is a generator that turns pasted notes into questions and cards by rule. It does not teach the unit.
Last updated: 2026-08-28 · Written with AI assistance and reviewed before publishing.