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Unit 7 turning points, from your own notes
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Progressivism: the repair crew for the machine age
The Progressive pattern is expose, regulate, amend: muckrakers document the slaughterhouse and the trust, states and cities experiment, and the federal government follows with food and drug law, antitrust suits and the Federal Reserve. Four amendments, income tax, direct senators, prohibition, women's suffrage, mark the era's constitutional edits. Essays reward the pattern over the list: publicity converts problems into legislation.
Empire arrives with a debate attached
The Spanish war of 1898 is short; its consequences are not: Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines make the US a colonial power, and the Filipino resistance makes the cost visible. Anti imperialists argue the Constitution does not follow the flag; strategists want coaling stations and markets. The debate itself is the tested content, both sides' arguments, because it recurs at every later intervention.
War, a rejected peace, and a nervous prosperity
The US enters the First World War late, tips the balance, and then declines its own settlement: the Senate rejects the League, and the twenties run on consumer credit, mass culture and quotas closing the immigration door. The tested pairing is boom and fragility: productivity and stock prices climb while farm income sags and wealth concentrates, the weaknesses the crash will expose in 1929.
The New Deal rewrites the state's job description
Against the Depression, the New Deal runs relief, recovery and reform: jobs programs and mortgage rescues, banking and securities regulation, Social Security and labor's right to organise. It does not end the Depression, war spending does, but it makes the federal government a permanent manager of economic risk. Questions probe both the limits, exclusions, court fights, and the durable architecture.
The Second World War ends the argument about retreat
Lend lease strains neutrality until Pearl Harbor ends it; mobilisation doubles the economy, brings women into war industry, and runs the shameful ledger too, Japanese American incarceration upheld in court. Double V campaigns link victory abroad to rights at home, previewing the next period. The war closes Period 7 with the US as a global power that will not retreat again, which is the period's answer to its opening question.
What to photograph for Period 7
Your reform charts and program tables. Related: Unit 6, photo to quiz and pricing.
Sources used on this page
- College Board, AP United States History
- Progressive Era
- Spanish American War
- Great Depression
- New Deal
- Active recall
- Spaced repetition
- Testing effect
- Forgetting curve
- Generation effect
- Judgment of learning
- Metacognition
- Desirable difficulty
- Distributed practice
- Formative assessment
- Flashcard
- Cloze test
- Multiple choice
- Test (assessment)
- Educational assessment
- Advanced Placement
- Curriculum
- Study skills
- Study guide
- Note-taking
- Overlearning
- Instructional scaffolding
- Item analysis
- Mastery learning
| Move | Its instrument | What it leaves behind |
|---|---|---|
| Progressive repair | Expose, regulate, amend | Four amendments, the Fed |
| Empire debate | 1898 war, annexations | Recurring intervention argument |
| WWI and retreat | Late entry, rejected League | Quotas, inward twenties |
| Crash | Fragile boom exposed | Mandate for intervention |
| New Deal | Relief, recovery, reform | Permanent federal risk manager |
| WWII | Mobilisation, alliance | Global role, no more retreat |
What does AP US History Unit 7 cover?
1890 to 1945: Progressivism, the Spanish war and empire, World War One and the twenties, the Depression and New Deal, and the Second World War.
What is the Progressive pattern to cite?
Expose, regulate, amend: muckraker publicity converts industrial problems into statutes and four constitutional amendments.
Did the New Deal end the Depression?
No, wartime mobilisation did. The New Deal's durable work is architecture: Social Security, banking and labor law, the federal risk manager role.
Why does the League rejection matter?
It marks the retreat from the war's settlement: the US tips the war, declines its peace, and spends the twenties inward behind quotas.
How did the war change the home front?
Mobilisation doubled the economy, drew women into industry, and ran the ledger's dark side: Japanese American incarceration upheld in court.
Can I build questions from my own Unit 7 notes?
Yes. Upload the chapter as a PDF or photograph the pages, and every question comes from those pages rather than from the wider syllabus.
Last updated: 2026-08-15